PMID: 3772801Nov 1, 1986Paper

Human coffee drinking: reinforcing and physical dependence producing effects of caffeine

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
R R GriffithsI A Liebson

Abstract

In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in nine volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. The presence or absence of caffeine in the coffee was manipulated under double-blind conditions by using caffeinated (C) or decaffeinated (D) coffee. When subjects were switched alternately for 10 or more consecutive days between C and D, the daily number of cups consumed tended to be relatively stable. In a different experiment, preference for C vs. D was assessed. After experimenter-scheduled exposures, subjects were given choices between C and D. When subjects were presumably caffeine tolerant/dependent, C was rated as being better liked than D and was reliably preferred to D in choice tests. When subjects were not caffeine tolerant/dependent, C was not reliably preferred to D, nor were there pronounced differences in ratings of liking. Under these conditions, some subjects preferred D to C, citing adverse symptoms (suggesting caffeine toxicity) as reasons for avoiding C. The effects of caffeine withdrawal were studied by abruptly substituting D for C for 10 or more days. This resulted in an orderly withdrawal syndrome, having an onset latency of 19 hr, peaking on days 1 and 2, and decreasing p...Continue Reading

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