Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in the Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells Microenvironment and Plasticity: A New Perspective for Combination Therapy

Frontiers in Microbiology
Emanuela BalestrieriClaudia Matteucci

Abstract

Abnormal activation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) has been associated with several diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and neurological disorders. In particular, in cancer HERV activity and expression have been specifically associated with tumor aggressiveness and patient outcomes. Cancer cell aggressiveness is intimately linked to the acquisition of peculiar plasticity and heterogeneity based on cell stemness features, as well as on the crosstalk between cancer cells and the microenvironment. The latter is a driving factor in the acquisition of aggressive phenotypes, associated with metastasis and resistance to conventional cancer therapies. Remarkably, in different cell types and stages of development, HERV expression is mainly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and is subjected to a very precise temporal and spatial regulation according to the surrounding microenvironment. Focusing on our research experience with HERV-K involvement in the aggressiveness and plasticity of melanoma cells, this perspective aims to highlight the role of HERV-K in the crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The implications for a combination therapy targeted at HERVs with standard approaches are discussed.

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Citations

Mar 14, 2019·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Luis P Villarreal, Guenther Witzany
Dec 6, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Emanuela BalestrieriPaola Sinibaldi Vallebona
Nov 7, 2019·Cancer Microenvironment : Official Journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society·Alessandro GiovinazzoClaudia Matteucci
Aug 1, 2020·Reviews in Medical Virology·Zahra SalavatihaSomayeh Jalilvand
Jun 13, 2020·Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG·S MartheyE Bourneuf
Jul 8, 2020·Transfusion and Apheresis Science : Official Journal of the World Apheresis Association : Official Journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis·Olivier Garraud

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stress
acetylation

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