Human fecal contamination of water, soil, and surfaces in households sharing poor-quality sanitation facilities in Maputo, Mozambique

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
David A HolcombJill R Stewart

Abstract

Identifying the origin of fecal contamination can support more effective interventions to interrupt enteric pathogen transmission. Microbial source tracking (MST) assays may help to identify environmental routes of pathogen transmission although these assays have performed poorly in highly contaminated domestic settings, highlighting the importance of both diagnostic validation and understanding the context-specific ecological, physical, and sociodemographic factors driving the spread of fecal contamination. We assessed fecal contamination of compounds (clusters of 2-10 households that share sanitation facilities) in low-income neighborhoods of urban Maputo, Mozambique, using a set of MST assays that were validated with animal stool and latrine sludge from study compounds. We sampled five environmental compartments involved in fecal microbe transmission and exposure: compound water source, household stored water and food preparation surfaces, and soil from the entrance to the compound latrine and the entrances to each household. Each sample was analyzed by culture for the general fecal indicator Escherichia coli (cEC) and by real-time PCR for the E. coli molecular marker EC23S857, human-associated markers HF183/BacR287 and Mnif...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 27, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kondwani ChidziwisanoTracy Morse
Jun 17, 2020·Current Environmental Health Reports·David A Holcomb, Jill R Stewart
Feb 28, 2021·International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health·David HolcombSital Uprety
Jul 9, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Drew CaponeJoe Brown

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
membrane filtration

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02362932

Software Mentioned

R package fitdistrplus
BacUni
R
R package mice
CFX Manager
brms
R package truncnorm

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