Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a child presenting as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Journal of Child Neurology
Milind S TulluKeya R Lahiri

Abstract

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an extremely rare occurrence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe an 8-year-old male child who presented with weakness of both lower limbs for 10 days and focal convulsions for 2 days. The child had left, upper motor neuron facial palsy, lower limb hypotonia, and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies for HIV tested positive and the CD4 count was 109 cells/µL. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, brain) revealed extensive confluent hyperintensities (on T2-weighted images) in left parietal, right temporal, and right occipital regions of the white matter, and similar signals were seen in right lentiform nucleus and right posterior thalami, suggesting acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. There was transient improvement with intravenous methyl prednisolone. The patient succumbed to the illness. Perinatally transmitted pediatric HIV infection presenting with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis has not yet been reported in the medical literature.

References

Aug 8, 2002·Pediatrics·S N Krishna MurthyRohit Bakshi
Sep 10, 2002·The Journal of Infection·S H AllenL A Wilson
Mar 22, 2005·Archives of Medical Research·Shilpa R ShahJaishree R Kamat
Jun 28, 2005·European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society·Ronald van ToornHelena Rabie
Jul 6, 2006·International Journal of STD & AIDS·Malini RaychaudhuriMary Poulton
Jun 20, 2007·Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases·Trine H MogensenCarsten S Larsen
Mar 12, 2009·Pediatric Radiology·Reena GeorgeArthur Maydell
Aug 20, 2009·Annals of Tropical Paediatrics·S GuptaI Shah

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 5, 2014·Journal of Neurovirology·Joshua Chalkley, Joseph R Berger
Sep 26, 2015·Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society·Daniel OlsonMark J Abzug
Oct 1, 2016·Journal of Neurovirology·Ansuya NaidooAnand Moodley
Feb 16, 2019·Journal of Aquatic Animal Health·Emmanuel Delwin AbarikeLihua Chen
Apr 3, 2016·Clinical Medicine : Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·Michael Marks, Jonathan L Marks
Nov 28, 2019·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Regina M Troxell, Alison Christy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Discover the latest research on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis here.

Related Papers

European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies
M OkamotoM Imaizumi
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved