Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Brain-Culprit or Facilitator?

Infectious Diseases
Luminita Ene

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the brain early, where it can persist, evolve, and become compartmentalized. Central nervous system (CNS) disease can be attributed to HIV alone or to the complex interplay between the virus and other neurotropic pathogens. The current review aims to describe the direct impact of HIV on the brain as well as its relationship with other pathogens from a practitioner's perspective, to provide a general clinical overview, brief workup, and, whenever possible, treatment guidance. A review of PubMed was conducted to identify studies on neuropathogenesis of HIV in relation to host responses. Furthermore, the interaction between the CNS pathogens and the host damage responses were revised in the setting of advanced and also well-controlled HIV infection. Similar to other pathogens, HIV leads to CNS immune activation, inflammation, and viral persistence. Therefore, almost half of the infected individuals present with neurocognitive disorders, albeit mild. Compartmentalized HIV in the CNS can be responsible in a minority of cases for the dramatic presentation of symptomatic HIV escape. Disruption of the immune system secondary to HIV may reactivate latent infections or allow new pathogens to ente...Continue Reading

References

Apr 4, 2002·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·William J MossDiane E Griffin
Oct 3, 2003·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Karen A Wendel, Justin C McArthur
Jan 5, 2005·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Francisco González-Scarano, Julio Martín-García
Apr 27, 2005·Neurology·M ChernerUNKNOWN HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group
May 12, 2005·Virus Research·Susanne Kramer-HämmerleRuth Brack-Werner
Jun 9, 2005·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Jean-Charles GrivelLeonid B Margolis
Jul 5, 2005·Journal of Virology·Mayra GarcíaWilliam J Moss
Sep 23, 2006·Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology·David J RiedelAvindra Nath
Jun 10, 2008·Journal of Hepatology·Daniel M FortonSimon D Taylor-Robinson
Jul 9, 2008·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Andrew J LevineElyse J Singer
Jul 26, 2008·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Graeme MeintjesUNKNOWN International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS
Aug 7, 2008·Journal of Addictive Diseases·Charles H HinkinElyse J Singer
Feb 5, 2009·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Graeme MeintjesRobert J Wilkinson
Apr 25, 2009·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Cathia SouliéAnne-Geneviève Marcelin
May 2, 2009·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Dominique J PepperGraeme Meintjes
Jan 27, 2010·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Ana CanestriChristine Katlama
Feb 6, 2010·Journal of Neurovirology·Sergio Monteiro de AlmeidaRonald Ellis
Feb 6, 2010·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·A ThiyagarajanA Winston
Jul 9, 2010·Folia Parasitologica·Abebaw FekaduAnthony J Cleare
Jul 28, 2010·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·Guillaume Martin-BlondelBruno Marchou
Nov 6, 2010·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Arvid EdénMagnus Gisslén
Sep 20, 2011·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Pornpun VivithanapornChristopher Power
Oct 1, 2011·PloS One·Emese PrandovszkyGlenn A McConkey
Oct 15, 2011·International Journal of STD & AIDS·R BinghamJ Green

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 28, 2018·Journal of Neurovirology·Jacqueline S WomersleySian M J Hemmings

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

CSF & Lymphatic System

This feed focuses on Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) and the lymphatic system. Discover the latest papers using imaging techniques to track CSF outflow into the lymphatic system in animal models.

Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.