Human immunodeficiency virus superinfection and recombination: current state of knowledge and potential clinical consequences

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Jason T BlackardKenneth H Mayer

Abstract

Superinfection with multiple strains or subtypes of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses has been documented. Recent increases in the prevalences of both unprotected anal intercourse and sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men indicate that these men continue to practice unsafe sex and, therefore, are at risk for superinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recurrent exposure to HIV among seropositive individuals who engage in high-risk behaviors can have serious consequences, because superinfection is a necessary first step for viral recombination to occur. Recombination may produce more virulent viruses, drug-resistant viruses, or viruses with altered cell tropism. Additionally, recombinant viruses and superinfection can accelerate disease progression and increase the likelihood of sexual transmission by increasing virus load in the blood and genital tract. The extent of superinfection and recombination in persons living with HIV is unknown. The implications of HIV superinfection and the generation of recombinant viruses are discussed.

References

Sep 1, 1993·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·J H KimR R Redfield
Jun 16, 1995·Science·K TraversC Mullins
Apr 29, 1995·Lancet·C KunanusontN L Young
Mar 9, 1995·Nature·D L RobertsonB H Hahn
Jun 11, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L MoutouhD D Richman
Aug 1, 1996·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·J H KimR R Redfield
Jan 1, 1997·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·J TakehisaL Kaptue
Jul 15, 1997·AIDS·P Nasta, S Chiodera
Nov 26, 1997·Journal of Virology·D P WooleyR C Desrosiers
Oct 13, 1998·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·S KravcikD W Cameron
Dec 8, 1998·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·P J KankiS MBoup
Jan 27, 1999·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·D M SmithR C McDonald
Mar 19, 1999·Emerging Infectious Diseases·A RamosD Pieniazek
Jul 10, 1999·Journal of Virology·J TakehisaM Hayami
Dec 3, 1999·Advances in Virus Research·M Essex
Dec 29, 1999·Nature Medicine·E M LongJ Overbaugh
Jan 11, 2000·Journal of Virology·A E JetztJ P Dougherty
Jan 14, 2000·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·A K IversenP Skinhoj
Mar 10, 2000·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·A D SarrP J Kanki
Aug 10, 2000·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·C R WaldoL A Valleroy
Aug 24, 2000·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·G Becker-PergolaS H Eshleman
Oct 6, 2000·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·E A WalterL L Jagodzinski

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 4, 2005·AIDS and Behavior·Robert H RemienCynthia A Gómez
Nov 12, 2003·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Todd M Allen, Marcus Altfeld
Jan 18, 2003·Lancet·Jay A Levy
Nov 26, 2008·Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association·Michael P CareyMarguerite A Urban
Sep 6, 2002·The New England Journal of Medicine·Philip J R Goulder, Bruce D Walker
Apr 12, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Barbara S TaylorScott M Hammer
Aug 25, 2004·Journal of Sex Research·Jeffrey T ParsonsMary M Velasquez
Jul 19, 2003·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Matthew J GonzalesRobert W Shafer
Jul 20, 2007·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Geoffrey S GottliebJames I Mullins
Aug 3, 2005·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Chunfu YangRenu B Lal
Jul 13, 2006·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Karl-Heinz HerbingerMichael Hoelscher
Dec 17, 2009·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Anneta Frances NaidooMchelle Lucille Gordon
Oct 21, 2010·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Ivo N SahBandarShigehiro Sato
Mar 23, 2011·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Jason T BlackardKenneth E Sherman
Dec 1, 2006·AIDS Patient Care and STDs·Yoji InoueSeiichi Ichikawa
Sep 4, 2009·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Darin R Rokyta, Holly A Wichman
Jul 9, 2004·AIDS·Kimber L GrossRobert M Grant
Apr 20, 2005·AIDS·Perry N HalkitisJeffrey T Parsons
Jul 30, 2005·AIDS·Davey M SmithSusan J Little
Mar 19, 2004·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Jason T Blackard, Kenneth H Mayer
Oct 14, 2011·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Thana KhawcharoenpornArunee Thitithanyanont
Jul 9, 2009·AIDS·Nicole CrepazUNKNOWN HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Team
Sep 2, 2009·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Adewunmi Onafuwa-Nuga, Alice Telesnitsky
Aug 19, 2005·Retrovirology·Micha NetheAntoinette C van der Kuyl
Oct 31, 2007·PLoS Computational Biology·Gajendra W Suryavanshi, Narendra M Dixit
Nov 25, 2003·AIDS Education and Prevention : Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education·Jeffrey T ParsonsUNKNOWN Seropositive Urban Men's Study Team
May 19, 2005·AIDS Education and Prevention : Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education·Martha B LeeMary Jane Rotheram-Borus
Feb 28, 2004·Lancet·Geoffrey S GottliebJames I Mullins
Jun 2, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Narendra M Dixit, Alan S Perelson
May 23, 2014·Annual Review of Microbiology·John J Dennehy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

The New England Journal of Medicine
Philip J R Goulder, Bruce D Walker
The New England Journal of Medicine
Stéphanie JostLuc Perrin
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Jason T Blackard, Kenneth H Mayer
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved