PMID: 9529326May 16, 1998Paper

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr is a positive regulator of viral transcription and infectivity in primary human macrophages

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
R A SubbramanianE A Cohen

Abstract

It is currently well established that HIV-1 Vpr augments viral replication in primary human macrophages. In its virion-associated form, Vpr has been suggested to aid efficient translocation of the proviral DNA into the cell nucleus. Although Vpr growth-arrests dividing T cells, the relevance of this biological activity in nondividing macrophages is unclear. Here we use Vpr-mutants to demonstrate that the molecular determinants involved in G2-arresting T cells are also involved in increasing viral transcription in macrophages, even though these cells are refractive to the diploid DNA status typical of G2 phase. Our results suggest that the two phenotypes, namely the nuclear localization and the G2-arrest activity of the protein, segregate functionally among the late and early functions of Vpr. The nuclear localization property of Vpr correlates with its ability to effectively target the proviral DNA to the cell nucleus early in the infection, whereas the G2-arrest phenotype correlates with its ability to activate viral transcription after establishment of an infection. These two functions may render Vpr's role essential and not accessory under infection conditions that closely mimic the in vivo situation, that is, primary cells ...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1992·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·H SchuitemakerF Miedema
Sep 27, 1990·Nature·M TristemF Hill
Oct 1, 1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·N HattoriG Franchini
Apr 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T M FolksA S Fauci
Nov 1, 1994·Journal of Virology·R A Subbramanian, E A Cohen
Nov 8, 1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D N LevyD B Weiner
Jul 19, 1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·N K HeinzingerM Emerman
Apr 1, 1996·Journal of Virology·V PlanellesI S Chen
Sep 1, 1996·Current Biology : CB·M Emerman
May 1, 1997·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·D LamarreP C Anderson
Sep 2, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P GallayD Trono
Nov 26, 1997·Journal of Virology·D P WooleyR C Desrosiers

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 16, 2008·Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death·Devon J ShedlockDavid B Weiner
Sep 22, 2009·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Anjana Yadav, Ronald G Collman
May 6, 2003·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Karuppiah MuthumaniDavid B Weiner
Mar 5, 2003·Journal of Molecular Biology·N MorelletB P Roques
Mar 2, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Eugene Boon Beng OngHiroyuki Osada
Jan 5, 1999·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·T KinoG P Chrousos
Oct 25, 2002·DNA and Cell Biology·Michael P ShermanWarner C Greene
May 15, 2004·DNA and Cell Biology·Parithosh K TungaturthiAlagarsamy Srinivasan
May 15, 2004·DNA and Cell Biology·Michael Bukrinsky, Yuqi Zhao
Mar 12, 2011·Nucleic Acids Research·Ben BerkhoutTruus E M Abbink
Jan 26, 2012·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Hamayun J SharifiCarlos M C de Noronha
Jan 11, 2001·Journal of Virology·M P ShermanW C Greene
Oct 14, 2004·Journal of Virology·Carter R CoberleyMaureen M Goodenow
Oct 18, 2005·Journal of Virology·Venkat S R K YedavalliLi-Min Huang
Feb 24, 2005·Retrovirology·Erwann Le Rouzic, Serge Benichou
Dec 25, 2009·Retrovirology·Evelyn M KilareskiBrian Wigdahl
Apr 13, 2010·Retrovirology·Georges HerbeinWasim Abbas

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.