Human percutaneous absorption of a direct hair dye comparing in vitro and in vivo results: implications for safety assessment and animal testing

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
Jürgen LademannGerhard J Nohynek

Abstract

Although in vitro skin absorption studies often detect small residues of applied test material in the epidermis/dermis, it is uncertain whether the residue is within the living skin. We studied the dermal absorption of a hair dye hydroxyanthraquinone-aminopropyl methyl morpholinium methosulphate (HAM) in human skin in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, skin (back and scalp) received 0.5% HAM in a commercial formulation at 20microg/cm2 After 0.5 or 48h, skin was tape stripped, followed by cyanoacrylate biopsies (CAB). Sebum from scalp sites was collected for 48h. In vitro, skin was treated with 20mg/cm2 dye for 0.5h, penetration determined after 24h. In vivo, at 0.5h, total recovery (back) was 0.67microg/cm2 (tape strips+CAB). Fluorescence microscopy showed HAM in the hair follicle openings (HFO). At 0.5h, scalp tape strips contained 1.80microg/cm2, HFO 0.82microg/cm2. At 48h, HFO contained 0.21microg/cm2, sebum 0.80microg/cm2. In vivo, skin residues were in the non-living skin and eliminated via desquamation and sebum secretion. In vitro, the SC contained 1.50microg/cm2, epidermis/dermis 0.86microg/cm2, receptor fluid<0.04microg/cm2, a total of 0.90microg/cm2 was considered to be bioavailable. In vitro epidermis/dermis residues were n...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Nov 28, 2015·Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology·Roberta BertaniRossella Snenghi
Dec 17, 2009·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Gerhard J NohynekHerve Toutain
Apr 29, 2009·Experimental Dermatology·Martina MeinkeJürgen Lademann
Mar 11, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Katarína BányiováJiří Kohoutek
Jul 19, 2011·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·P RollandD Josse
Nov 30, 2010·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Eric AntignacHervé Toutain
Oct 31, 2020·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Jefferson Honorio FrancoMaria V B Zanoni
Nov 6, 2020·Archives of Dermatological Research·Nadia KashetskyHoward I Maibach

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