Human primordial germ cell commitment in vitro associates with a unique PRDM14 expression profile

The EMBO Journal
Fumihiro SugawaHans R Schöler

Abstract

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) develop only into sperm and oocytes in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying human PGC specification are poorly understood due to inaccessibility of cell materials and lack of in vitro models for tracking the earliest stages of germ cell development. Here, we describe a defined and stepwise differentiation system for inducing pre-migratory PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). In response to cytokines, PSCs differentiate first into a heterogeneous mesoderm-like cell population and then into PGCLCs, which exhibit minimal PRDM14 expression. PGC specification in humans is similar to the murine process, with the sequential activation of mesodermal and PGC genes, and the suppression of neural induction and of de novo DNA methylation, suggesting that human PGC formation is induced via epigenesis, the process of germ cell specification via inductive signals from surrounding somatic cells. This study demonstrates that PGC commitment in humans shares key features with that of the mouse, but also highlights key differences, including transcriptional regulation during the early stage of human PGC development (3-6 weeks). A more comprehensive understanding of human germ cell deve...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE53498
GSM979870

Methods Mentioned

BETA
FACS
FCS
in vitro transcription
chips
PCR

Software Mentioned

Affymetrix
Harmony
AMIGO
R
Matlab
BeadStudio
Bioconductor
Quantification Tool for Methylation Analysis QUMA

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