Human Protein and Amino Acid Requirements

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
L John Hoffer

Abstract

Human protein and amino acid nutrition encompasses a wide, complex, frequently misunderstood, and often contentious area of clinical research and practice. This tutorial explains the basic biochemical and physiologic principles that underlie our current understanding of protein and amino acid nutrition. The following topics are discussed: (1) the identity, measurement, and essentiality of nutritional proteins; (2) the definition and determination of minimum requirements; (3) nutrition adaptation; (4) obligatory nitrogen excretion and the minimum protein requirement; (5) minimum versus optimum protein intakes; (6) metabolic responses to surfeit and deficient protein intakes; (7) body composition and protein requirements; (8) labile protein; (9) N balance; (10) the principles of protein and amino acid turnover, including an analysis of the controversial indicator amino acid oxidation technique; (11) general guidelines for evaluating protein turnover articles; (12) amino acid turnover versus clearance; (13) the protein content of hydrated amino acid solutions; (14) protein requirements in special situations, including protein-catabolic critical illness; (15) amino acid supplements and additives, including monosodium glutamate and ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1977·JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·G L BlackburnM F Smith
Jan 1, 1979·Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology·Y FujitaG Inoue
Apr 1, 1977·Journal of Dairy Science·R W Swick, N J Benevenga
May 16, 1978·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·W EndresH J Bremer
Aug 1, 1978·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·W Endres, H Seibold
Jun 1, 1976·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·W M RandN S Scrimshaw
Mar 1, 1992·JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·J P FlattB R Bistrian
May 1, 1991·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·S N MeydaniS N Gershoff
Jun 1, 1991·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·M Walser
Aug 1, 1989·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·D J MillwardA Omer
May 1, 1989·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·M JeevanandamW R Schiller
Jan 31, 1985·The New England Journal of Medicine·S B Eaton, M Konner
Nov 1, 1987·JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·W W Souba
Jan 1, 1972·Advances in Enzyme Regulation·H A Krebs
Jun 1, 1971·The Journal of Nutrition·D H CallowayS Margen
Nov 1, 1968·American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health·W C Rose
Jun 1, 1996·The Journal of Nutrition·S B EatonM Shostak
Mar 21, 1998·The Journal of Nutrition·L J Hoffer
Jun 12, 1999·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·A A Jackson
Aug 31, 1999·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·D J Millward
Sep 1, 1999·Kidney International·C van GuldenerK De Meer
Dec 25, 2002·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·William M RandVernon R Young
Apr 4, 2003·The Journal of Nutrition·Kenneth J Carpenter
Aug 12, 2003·The British Journal of Nutrition·D J Millward
Nov 5, 2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·L John Hoffer
Nov 19, 2003·JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·L John HofferDavid Rinzler
Jun 24, 2004·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Alan A JacksonFarook Jahoor
Nov 13, 2004·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·L John Hoffer
May 4, 2005·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·Stephen B ShewTom Jaksic
Jan 1, 1920·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·H C Sherman
Aug 12, 2006·Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series. Paediatric Programme·Peter J Garlick
Nov 11, 2006·Critical Care Medicine·Michael L CheathamMatthew W Lube
Feb 20, 2007·JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Daren K HeylandPaul Wischmeyer
Sep 22, 2007·Critical Care Medicine·Gianni BioloMarcello De Cicco
Oct 9, 2007·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Mohammad A HumayunPaul B Pencharz
May 13, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·D Joe MillwardGertjan Schaafsma
Sep 23, 2008·The Journal of Nutrition·Jan Wernerman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 14, 2017·Nutrients·Leonard John Hoffer
Apr 27, 2017·Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition·F CabanaK A I Nekaris
Nov 3, 2016·F1000Research·L John Hoffer, Bruce R Bistrian
Dec 24, 2018·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Kavita SharmaMalcolm K Robinson
May 8, 2020·Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·Giacomo GaribottoDaniela Verzola
Feb 13, 2016·The Journal of Nutrition·Bernadeta Patro-GołąbHania Szajewska
Apr 8, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Claudia R MorrisJuan B Ochoa Gautier
Apr 8, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·L John HofferJuan B Ochoa Gautier
Jul 25, 2020·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Wilfredo D MansillaAnna K Shoveller
Aug 14, 2020·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Christian StoppeArnold S Kristof
Aug 2, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·L John Hoffer
Apr 8, 2017·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Juan B Ochoa GautierStephen A McClave
Sep 15, 2017·World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology·Yangyang ZhangShiyu Liu
Dec 10, 2020·Scientific Reports·Camila Marcelino LoureiroPaulo Louzada-Junior
Jul 16, 2019·Seminars in Perinatology·Nicholas D Embleton, Chris H P van den Akker
Apr 18, 2020·Trends in Cell Biology·Kiran Kurmi, Marcia C Haigis
Mar 9, 2021·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Nameer Al-YousifFaraaz Ali Shah
Mar 20, 2021·Global Food Security·Adrian LeipSusanna Kugelberg
Aug 31, 2021·Frontiers in Nutrition·Giacomo GaribottoGiuliano Brunori
Sep 2, 2021·Molecular Cell·Emma HajajAyelet Erez
Mar 30, 2018·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Mozhgan JahaniKamran Mansouri

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
urine collections

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Annales de recherches vétérinaires. Annals of veterinary research
C Le Louëdec
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
H Ghadimi, S Kumar
The New England Journal of Medicine
R Byck, H H Schaumburg
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved