Human T Cells Expressing a CD19 CAR-T Receptor Provide Insights into Mechanisms of Human CD19-Positive β Cell Destruction

Cell Reports Medicine
Haiting MaRudolf Jaenisch

Abstract

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells underlies type 1 diabetes (T1D). To understand T cell-mediated immune effects on human pancreatic β cells, we combine β cell-specific expression of a model antigen, CD19, and anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells. Coculturing CD19-expressing β-like cells and CD19 CAR-T cells results in T cell-mediated β-like cell death with release of activated T cell cytokines. Transcriptome analysis of β-like cells and human islets treated with conditioned medium of the immune reaction identifies upregulation of immune reaction genes and the pyroptosis mediator GSDMD as well as its activator CASP4. Caspase-4-mediated cleaved GSDMD is detected in β-like cells under inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. Among immune-regulatory genes, PDL1 is one of the most upregulated, and PDL1 overexpression partially protects human β-like cells transplanted into mice. This experimental platform identifies potential mechanisms of β cell destruction and may allow testing of therapeutic strategies.

Citations

Jun 4, 2021·Journal of Inflammation Research·Abdullah Al MamunJian Xiao
Aug 28, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Meghan Tahbaz, Eiji Yoshihara

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GSE155713

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
PCR
flow cytometry
confocal microscopy
RNA-seq
PCA
biopsy
electrophoresis
ELISA
Assay

Software Mentioned

Living Image
GraphPad Prism
Bioconductor
Ensembl
FlowJo
Keygenes
STAR
featureCounts
Adobe
Homer 61

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