Humans adjust control to initial squat depth in vertical squat jumping

Journal of Applied Physiology
Maarten F BobbertRichard T Jaspers

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the control strategy that humans use in jumping. Eight male gymnasts performed vertical squat jumps from five initial postures that differed in squat depth (P1-P5) while kinematic data, ground reaction forces, and electromyograms (EMGs) of leg muscles were collected; the latter were rectified and smoothed to obtain SREMGs. P3 was the preferred initial posture; in P1, P2, P4, and P5 height of the mass center was +13, +7, -7 and -14 cm, respectively, relative to that in P3. Furthermore, maximum-height jumps from the initial postures observed in the subjects were simulated with a model comprising four body segments and six Hill-type muscles. The only input was the onset of stimulation of each of the muscles (Stim). The subjects were able to perform well-coordinated squat jumps from all postures. Peak SREMG levels did not vary among P1-P5, but SREMG onset of plantarflexors occurred before that of gluteus maximus in P1 and > 90 ms after that in P5 (P < 0.05). In the simulation study, similar systematic shifts occurred in Stim onsets across the optimal control solutions for jumps from P1-P5. Because the adjustments in SREMG onsets to initial posture observed in the subjects were very...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 18, 2010·Experimental Brain Research·Gonzalo MárquezMiguel Fernández-del-Olmo
Apr 21, 2011·Journal of Sports Sciences·Shinsuke YoshiokaSenshi Fukashiro
Apr 20, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Maarten F Bobbert, L J Richard Casius
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