Humans Are Selectively Exposed to Pneumocystis jirovecii.

MBio
Ousmane H CisséJoseph A Kovacs

Abstract

Environmental exposure has a significant impact on human health. While some airborne fungi can cause life-threatening infections, the impact of environment on fungal spore dispersal and transmission is poorly understood. The democratization of shotgun metagenomics allows us to explore important questions about fungal propagation. We focus on Pneumocystis, a genus of host-specific fungi that infect mammals via airborne particles. In humans, Pneumocystis jirovecii causes lethal infections in immunocompromised patients if untreated, although its environmental reservoir and transmission route remain unclear. Here, we attempt to clarify, by analyzing human exposome metagenomic data sets, whether humans are exposed to different Pneumocystis species present in the air but only P. jirovecii cells are able to replicate or whether they are selectively exposed to P. jirovecii Our analysis supports the latter hypothesis, which is consistent with a local transmission model. These data also suggest that healthy carriers are a major driver for the transmission.

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Citations

Jan 14, 2021·Nature Protocols·Chao JiangMichael Snyder
Nov 13, 2020·Environment International·Xanthi D AndrianouKonstantinos C Makris

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
SRR6399569

Software Mentioned

FreeBayes
SAMtools
MUSCLE
RAxML
AliView
EMBOSS package
FigTree
BLAT
NG
EMBOSS

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