Abstract
Humic substances (humics) are ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic environments where they can serve as electron acceptors for anaerobic oxidation of organic compounds. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, as well as the least reactive organic molecule. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to microbial reduction of various electron acceptors plays a crucial role in mitigating methane emissions. Here, we reported that humics could serve as terminal electron acceptors for AOM using enriched nitrate-reducing AOM microorganisms. AOM coupled to the reduction of humics was demonstrated based on the production of 13C-labelled carbon dioxide, and AOM activity was evaluated with different methane partial pressures and electron acceptor concentrations. After three-cycle reduction, both AOM activity and copy numbers of the archaea 16S rRNA and mcrA genes were the highest when anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid and anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid were electron acceptors. The high-throughput sequencing results suggested that ANME-2d were the dominant methane oxidation archaea after humics reduction, although the partner bacteria NC10 trended downward, other reported humics reduction bacteria (Geobactor and Anammox) appeared. The pote...Continue Reading
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