Hybrid lipids, peptides, and lymphocytes: new era in type 1 diabetes research

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Abdel Rahim A HamadHamid Rabb

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells in islets of Langerhans. Many genetic and immunological insights into autoimmune disease pathogenesis were initially uncovered in the context of T1D and facilitated by preclinical studies using the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Recently, the study of T1D has led to the discovery of fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs), which are naturally occurring hybrid peptides that modulate inflammation and diabetes pathogenesis, and a hybrid lymphocyte that expresses both B and T cell receptors. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs) are the most extensively studied FAHFA. In this issue of the JCI, Syed et al. have shown that PAHSAs both attenuate autoimmune responses and promote β cell survival in NOD mice. Given the lack of effective T1D therapies and the paucity of known side effects of PAHSAs, this lipid may have therapeutic potential for individuals at risk for or newly diagnosed with T1D.

References

Mar 19, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·I AndréD Mathis
Jul 2, 2011·The American Journal of Pathology·Zuoxiang XiaoAbdel Rahim A Hamad
May 18, 2013·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Shimon SakaguchiHerman Waldmann
Sep 24, 2013·Trends in Immunology·Maja Wållberg, Anne Cooke
Apr 26, 2017·Frontiers in Immunology·Ankit SaxenaAbdel Rahim A Hamad
Aug 2, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Alberto Pugliese
Dec 1, 2017·Acta Diabetologica·Jeremy Pettus, Matthias Von Herrath
Oct 13, 2018·Science·Jeffrey A Bluestone, Qizhi Tang
Aug 6, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Ismail SyedBarbara B Kahn

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
insulin replacement therapy

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