Hydrocephalus and aquaporins: lessons learned from the bench.

Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
Aristotelis S FilippidisH L Rekate

Abstract

Hydrocephalus is a common disorder of defective cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) turnover. The identification of the aquaporin water channels (AQPs) led to the study of their role in the composition of biological fluids including CSF. The purpose of this study is to review the potential role of aquaporins in the pathogenesis, compensation, and possibly treatment of hydrocephalus. We performed a MEDLINE search using the terms "aquaporin AND hydrocephalus." The search returned a total of 20 titles. Eleven studies fulfilled the criteria for this review. Most studies were performed in animal models. The expression of AQPs in hydrocephalus is significantly altered. Aquaporin-1 levels at the choroid plexus are decreased in most models of hydrocephalus while CSF production and intracranial pressure are reduced in AQP1 knockout mice. In contrast, the expression of AQP4 in hydrocephalus is increased at its sites of expression. Aquaporin-4 knockout mice show a decreased clearance of brain edema via blood-CSF and blood-brain barrier (BBB) pathways and decreased survival in hydrocephalus models. Aquaporin-1 is highly expressed at the choroid plexus and is related to CSF production. Aquaporin-4 is expressed at the ependyma, glia limitans, and at t...Continue Reading

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