Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide biotransformation in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor system: key enzymes, functional microorganisms, and biodegradation mechanisms
Abstract
Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) biotransformation in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor including biodegradation performances, biodegradation mechanisms, key enzymes, and functional microorganisms was explored. Response surface methodology was applied to further improve HPAM degradation. The predicted degradation ratios of HPAM and CODCr were 46.2% and 83.4% under the optimal conditions. HPAM biodegradation ratio and total organic carbon removal ratio reached 40.5% and 38.9%. Total nitrogen concentration was dramatically decreased with the increasing fermentation time during the fermentation, while low ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) were generated. NH4+-N and NO2--N increased slightly on the whole. Enzyme activity change was correlated with HPAM biodegradation. Dehydrogenase activity had a decline of 21.3-41.0%, and the minimum value occurred at 300 mg/L of HPAM. Urease activity was varied from 28.7 to 78.7% and the maximal inhibition ratio occurred at 200 mg/L of HPAM. Mechanisms for the biodegradation of HPAM were also explored by FT-IR, HPLC, and SEM. The results indicated that long-chain HPAM was broken into micromolecule compounds and the amide groups of HPAM were transformed into carboxy...Continue Reading
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