PMID: 11332524May 3, 2001Paper

Hyper-excretion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in saliva

Journal of Dental Research
D C ShugarsS A Fiscus

Abstract

Anatomical compartments (e.g., the reproductive tract) are reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and potential sites of residual infection in patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Viral hyper-excretion relative to blood is a hallmark of reservoirs. To determine whether hyper-excretion can occur in the oral cavity, we compared viral loads in blood plasma and saliva of 67 adults. Salivary viral hyperexcretion was defined as a four-fold or higher viral load in saliva than in plasma. HIV-1 RNA was detected in 79% of plasma samples, in 44% of unfiltered saliva samples, in 16% of filtered saliva samples, and in 59% of saliva-derived cell pellets. Compared with non-hyper-excretors (n = 62), hyper-excretors (n = 5) had elevated levels of viral RNA in unfiltered saliva and saliva-derived cells, HIV-associated periodontal disease, gingival inflammation, and no combination ART. Morphological characterization of cell pellets identified lymphocytes as a likely HIV-1 source. These collective findings are consistent with an oral HIV-1 reservoir in selected individuals.

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Citations

Jun 16, 2005·Journal of Virology·Edward A AcheampongRoger J Pomerantz
Apr 2, 2011·AIDS Research and Therapy·Alaka K DeshpandeAtmaram H Bandivdekar
Dec 15, 2015·Periodontology 2000·Paul L A M CorstjensDaniel Malamud
Dec 19, 2015·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology·Lauren L Patton
Oct 30, 2010·Oral Diseases·M MataftsiD Sakellari
Mar 23, 2013·Oral Diseases·H Fábryová, P Celec
Sep 10, 2014·Journal of Clinical Periodontology·Priscila PavanLucio Souza Gonçalves
Sep 25, 2002·Clinics in Laboratory Medicine·Karen Relucio, Mark Holodniy
May 23, 2015·Frontiers in Genetics·Xianzhi LinXinshu Xiao
Oct 17, 2012·The Journal of the American Dental Association·Paul L A M CorstjensDaniel Malamud
Jul 30, 2005·FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology·Gregory T SpearAlan L Landay
Feb 23, 2007·Journal of Dental Research·F X Lü, R S Jacobson
May 5, 2006·Advances in Dental Research·M UmadeviP G Robinson
Aug 25, 2006·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Shamim H KazmiStephen J Challacombe

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