Hyperosmotic stress enhances cytokine production and decreases phagocytosis in vitro.

Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
Natalie M OttoMichael Oppert

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is associated with negative outcomes in various settings of critical illness; infectious complications, especially, seem to be increased. On the other hand, intensive insulin therapy (IIT) has been shown to improve outcome in clinical trials. Whether normoglycemia itself or the application of insulin is responsible for the observed findings is unknown. We therefore tested the effect of glucose and insulin on various immune functions in vitro. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated ex vivo with low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PBMCs were incubated with various osmotic agents, insulin, or a combination of both. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 cytokine response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, we investigated the effects of glucose on phagocytosis and oxidative burst in human granulocytes. Increasing concentrations of both glucose and mannitol significantly enhanced LPS-induced cytokine production. Insulin alone did not alter cytokine production and had only a minor influence in combination with glucose. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of glucose and mannitol. Hyperglycemia may lead to inflammation by ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 30, 2013·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Wei FanKoshi Makita
Nov 1, 2008·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Charles E Wade
Nov 19, 2008·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Matt P WisePaul J Frost
Oct 30, 2009·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Jean-Charles Preiser
Dec 15, 2010·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·James Krinsley, Jean-Charles Preiser
May 2, 2013·PLoS Pathogens·Benjamin SteebDirk Bumann
Apr 25, 2014·Amino Acids·Barbara KommHubert H Kerschbaum
May 9, 2012·Neurochemical Research·Vincenzo C RussoFergus J Cameron
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Feb 4, 2012·World Journal of Critical Care Medicine·Chien-Wei Hsu
May 1, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R EsfandyarpourR W Davis
Feb 23, 2020·Environmental Microbiology·Sabine Zeidler, Volker Müller

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
flow cytometry
PMA

Software Mentioned

lin SSC
GraphPad
Prism
CellQuest
lin FSC

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