Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid

Frontiers in Public Health
Antonina OrlandoSimonetta Genovesi

Abstract

Over the past 60 years there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents, ranging from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016. Recent estimates indicate that overweight or obese children and adolescents are more than 340 million. Obesity is often associated with hypertension, which is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Recent studies show that the presence of hypertension is a frequent finding in the pediatric age. Hypertensive children easily become hypertensive adults. This phenomenon contributes to increasing cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Primary hypertension is a growing problem especially in children and adolescents of western countries, largely because of its association with the ongoing obesity epidemic. Recently, it has been hypothesized that a dietary link between obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) values could be simple carbohydrate consumption, particularly fructose, both in adults and in children. Excessive intake of fructose leads to increased serum uric acid (SUA) and high SUA values are independently associated with the presence of hypertension and weaken the efficacy of lifestyle modifications in children. The present review intends to provide an update of existing...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 2, 2019·High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension·Simonetta GenovesiGianfranco Parati
May 28, 2019·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Jong-Han LeeJung Ran Choi
Aug 16, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Xijie WangMinh Thien Nguyen
Dec 12, 2018·Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science·Klaus Rose, Jane M Grant-Kels
Feb 12, 2021·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Fernanda Barrinha FernandesDulce Elena Casarini
Mar 7, 2021·Nutrients·Simonetta GenovesiGianfranco Parati
Apr 8, 2021·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Miaoying YunWei Chen
May 14, 2021·European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society·Xiaoman ZhangShankai Yin

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