Hyponatraemia, rhabdomyolysis, alterations in blood pressure and persistent mydriasis in patients envenomed by Malayan kraits (Bungarus candidus) in southern Viet Nam

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
Kiem Xuan TrinhD A Warrell

Abstract

Between 1998 and 2007, 42 patients admitted to Choray hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, and to two hospitals in adjacent regions in southern Viet Nam brought the Malayan kraits (Bungarus candidus) that had been responsible for biting them. Half of the patients had been bitten while they were asleep. Fang marks and numbness were the only local features of the bites. Common signs of neurotoxic envenoming included bilateral ptosis, persistently dilated pupils, limb weakness, breathlessness, hypersalivation, dysphonia and dysphagia. Thirty patients (71.4%) required endotracheal intubation of whom all but one were mechanically ventilated. Fourteen patients (33.3%) developed hypertension, 13 (31.0%) shock, 31 (73.8%) hyponatraemia (plasma sodium concentration < 130 mEq/l) and 30 (71.4%) showed evidence of mild rhabdomyolysis (peak plasma creatine kinase concentration 1375 +/- 140 micro/l). None developed acute kidney injury. All the patients were treated with a new monospecific B. candidus antivenom. There were no fatalities. Hyponatraemia has been reported previously in victims of Chinese kraits (Bungarus multicinctus) in northern Viet Nam and rhabdomyolysis in patients envenomed by B. niger in Bangladesh. These features of envenoming pos...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 26, 2014·Journal of Proteomics·Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad RusmiliIekhsan Othman
Dec 22, 2010·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Jonas HöjerDavid Warrell
Mar 25, 2011·Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization·José María GutiérrezThierry Burnouf
Dec 4, 2012·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·José María GutiérrezGuillermo León
Oct 1, 2015·Nephrology·Visith Sitprija, Siravit Sitprija
Dec 3, 2011·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Adolfo Rafael de RoodtRoberto Pablo Stock
Jul 4, 2012·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Visith Sitprija, Siravit Sitprija
Dec 4, 2012·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·David A Warrell
Jul 16, 2013·The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases·Mamadou C BaldéAchille Massougbodji
Aug 4, 2018·Journal of Medical Case Reports·Umesh de SilvaAnjana Silva
Feb 2, 2016·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Anjana SilvaGeoffrey K Isbister
Dec 31, 2019·PloS One·Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad RusmiliJaneyuth Chaisakul
Dec 3, 2016·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Anjana SilvaGeoffrey K Isbister
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Jul 1, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Saptarshi BhattacharyaVineet Surana
May 7, 2021·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·R M M K Namal RathnayakaS A M Kularatne

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