Hyponatremia with hypoxia: effects on brain adaptation, perfusion, and histology in rodents

Kidney International
J C AyusA I Arieff

Abstract

Hypoxia appears to be a prominent component of brain damage among patients with hyponatremic encephalopathy. Effects of hypoxia on brain in the presence of hyponatremia are not known. In order to evaluate the contributions of hypoxia to brain damage, three separate experiments were conducted in three groups of rodents. Experiment I evaluated the effects of hypoxia and acute (< 4 h) hyponatremia (plasma Na < 120 mmol/l) on brain adaptation in rabbits. Experiment II evaluated the effects of hypoxia and chronic (4 days) hyponatremia on cerebral perfusion in rats. Experiment III evaluated the effects of hypoxia and chronic hyponatremia on brain histology in rats. In experiment I, rabbits with acute hyponatremia demonstrated brain adaptation with significant falls in brain Na content (by 14.2%, P < 0.01) and osmolality (by 8.3%, P < 0.01), and a rise in brain water (by 10.6%, P < 0.05). Rabbits with combined hypoxia and hyponatremia failed to demonstrate brain adaptation. In experiment II, rats with chronic hyponatremia plus hypoxia had a decrease in cerebral perfusion index by more than 50% (P < 0.01). In experiment III, 23% of hypoxic rats had brain lesions, which were in the cerebellum, thalamus, reticular formation, and basal ga...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 18, 2006·Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association·Howard Trachtman
Nov 7, 2009·Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association·Michael L Moritz, Juan Carlos Ayus
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Apr 29, 2010·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Kristin J Stuempfle
Jan 6, 2010·The Physician and Sportsmedicine·Mitchell H Rosner
Jan 8, 2013·American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation·Ewout J Hoorn, Robert Zietse
Jan 11, 2008·Kidney International·K KirylukA Valeri
Apr 15, 2006·Kidney International·J P Kokko
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Jun 16, 2009·Seminars in Nephrology·Mitchell H Rosner
Jun 16, 2009·Seminars in Nephrology·Richard H SternsJohn Kevin Hix
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Oct 1, 2015·The New England Journal of Medicine·Michael L Moritz, Juan C Ayus
May 26, 2016·Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·Haiquan HuangSankar D Navaneethan
Jun 30, 2006·The New England Journal of Medicine·Michael L Moritz, Juan C Ayus
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Jan 13, 2018·The New England Journal of Medicine·Benoït KuchlyPiero Baglioni
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