Hypothalamic microglia as potential regulators of metabolic physiology.

Nature Metabolism
Martin ValdearcosSuneil K Koliwad

Abstract

Tissue-resident myeloid cells initiate local inflammation in response to infectious or injurious stimuli. Sixteen years ago, macrophages in the adipose tissue (ATMs) were shown to undergo a form of activation in response to diet-induced obesity, thus leading to the conclusion that these macrophages sense a type of pro-inflammatory injury. ATMs are now known to be central to adipose tissue development, plasticity, maintenance and function. Indeed, their involvement in obesity may represent hijacking of these functions. More recently, microglia, 'CNS macrophages', have been shown to accumulate and undergo activation in response to dietary excess in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), and early studies have implicated these cells as injury-responsive mediators of hypothalamic dysfunction. However, microglia are amazingly diverse cells now known to have moment-to-moment sensory functions and to communicate with neighbouring neurons to maintain and shape brain circuitry. Here, we build on this view, detailing our rapidly evolving understanding of microglial heterogeneity in the MBH and their roles as nutrient and environmental sensors. We propose that microglia, instead of simply responding to diet-induced damage, act as critical met...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 20, 2019·BioMed Research International·Vanessa C D BobboEliana P Araújo
Jan 16, 2021·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Michael C JonesKang Hao Cheong
Nov 27, 2020·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Natália C GuimarãesFabiane H Veiga-Souza
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Da Yeon JeongJae Geun Kim
Jun 27, 2019·Neuroscience Letters·Q LeyrolleA Nadjar
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Stéphane LéonCarmelo Quarta
May 25, 2021·British Journal of Pharmacology·Myrthe MampayGraham K Sheridan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow
flow cytometry
affinity
RNA-seq
genetic modifications

Software Mentioned

RiboTag

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