Hypothesis of double polarization.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Jun Li

Abstract

Mutations in a large number of genes that encode ubiquitously expressed proteins have been found to selectively or predominantly cause neurological disorders. Speculation has been that impaired intra-axonal transport along the long-extended axons is responsible for this tissue specificity. However this hypothesis may be insufficient in that it does not account for the potential role of the glial cells that interact with axons. Both Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes are also long and polarized cells with extended membranes that concentrically wrap around the axon to form myelin. The resultant myelin is largely compacted, which prevents the transport of many intracellular materials or organelles from one end of the membrane to the other. However patent, non-compacted spaces in the myelin, such as Schmidt-Lanterman incisures or paranodal loops, are also long-extended cytoplasmic channels that extend from the cell body to the distal membranes and may also be subject to transport problems. The nervous system therefore distinguishes itself by having a double long-polarized cellular system. Both neurons and myelinating glia must transport materials long distances, making them vulnerable to a variety of insults; and both must interact...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1990·Journal of Neurocytology·R M Gould, G Mattingly
Jun 1, 1989·Journal of Neurocytology·I R GriffithsJ A Barrie
Jan 1, 1988·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·T W BouldinM R Krigman
Oct 1, 1987·The American Journal of Anatomy·F BuchthalF Behse
Dec 1, 1969·Journal of Ultrastructure Research·W F Blakemore
Mar 1, 1981·Annals of Neurology·S K Ludwin, E S Johnson
Dec 1, 1980·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·R L Friede, R Bischhausen
Jan 23, 1999·Annals of Neurology·Z SahenkJ R Mendell
Jun 27, 2000·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·K M KrajewskiM E Shy
Oct 14, 2000·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·J Lippincott-SchwartzK Hirschberg
Mar 27, 2001·Muscle & Nerve·R Martini
Mar 29, 2001·Physiological Reviews·N Baumann, D Pham-Dinh
Mar 29, 2001·Microscopy Research and Technique·C Richter-Landsberg
Oct 12, 2001·Neuromuscular Disorders : NMD·C O HanemannP De Jonghe
Apr 10, 2002·Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System : JPNS·Steven S Scherer, Edgardo J Arroyo
Jan 7, 2003·Neurochemical Research·J N Larocca, A G Rodriguez-Gabin
Feb 1, 2003·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·C BjartmarB D Trapp
Oct 15, 2003·Neuron·James L Salzer
Jun 26, 2004·Annual Review of Neuroscience·Lucie I BruijnDon W Cleveland
Aug 5, 2004·Annals of Neurology·Claudia F LucchinettiHans Lassmann
Oct 8, 2004·Annals of Neurology·Sanjay C KeswaniAhmet Hoke
Jul 15, 2005·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Kumaraswamy SivakumarLev G Goldfarb
Oct 29, 2005·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·Robin L AvilaDaniel A Kirschner
Jul 21, 2006·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Jun LiMichael E Shy
Sep 22, 2006·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·A HökeT M Brushart

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 7, 2013·Neurologic Clinics·Mario A Saporta, Michael E Shy
Aug 29, 2020·Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology·Nora E FritzJun Li

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathies

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies, also called polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGASs), or polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes(PASs), are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrine organs can be affected. Discover the latest research on autoimmune polyendocrinopathies here.

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes

This feed focuses on a rare genetic condition called Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes, which are characterized by autoantibodies against multiple endocrine organs. This can lead to Type I Diabetes.