Hypothetical risks of twinning in the natural menstrual cycle

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
Cornelius B Lambalk, J Schoemaker

Abstract

Dizygotic (DZ) twinning is likely the result of multiple ovulation upon multiple ongoing follicle growth. Well known conditions with an increased incidence of DZ twinning are a hereditary trait, high maternal age and ovulation induction treatments. These conditions are clearly related to elevation of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) at the time of peri-menstrual follicle recruitment. In this contribution, we summarize certain other circumstances that may occur in normal women that could increase twinning rate based on the assumption that the elevation of FSH levels is the principal underlying mechanism in DZ twinning. It is hypothesized that recovery from prolonged hypothalamic amenorrhea in part mimics hormonal sequelae of puberty characterized by temporary overshoot of FSH levels. By deduction, such conditions are recovery from lactational amenorrhea, recovery from use of oral contraceptives and recovery of weight loss amenorrhea. According to the literature, these conditions indeed carry the risk of DZ twinning and all show temporary elevated FSH levels. However, prospective experiments will be needed to prove the relation between this type of DZ twinning and possible patterns of serum FSH that mimic puberty under these ci...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jan 28, 1999·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·C B LambalkD D Braat
Jan 26, 2008·Human Reproduction·M J LambersC B Lambalk
Mar 17, 2004·Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey·Jane Cleary-Goldman, Mary D'Alton
May 20, 2004·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·N Obi-OsiusJ Witten
Jul 5, 2019·Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaihō·Prabhu BalanPaul J Moughan
Sep 4, 2015·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·David B LarsonLane F Donnelly

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