Hypotonic Challenge of Endothelial Cells Increases Membrane Stiffness with No Effect on Tether Force

Biophysical Journal
Manuela A A AyeeIrena Levitan

Abstract

Regulation of cell volume is a fundamental property of all mammalian cells. Multiple signaling pathways are known to be activated by cell swelling and to contribute to cell volume homeostasis. Although cell mechanics and membrane tension have been proposed to couple cell swelling to signaling pathways, the impact of swelling on cellular biomechanics and membrane tension have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we use atomic force microscopy under isotonic and hypotonic conditions to measure mechanical properties of endothelial membranes including membrane stiffness, which reflects the stiffness of the submembrane cytoskeleton complex, and the force required for membrane tether formation, reflecting membrane tension and membrane-cytoskeleton attachment. We find that hypotonic swelling results in significant stiffening of the endothelial membrane without a change in membrane tension/membrane-cytoskeleton attachment. Furthermore, depolymerization of F-actin, which, as expected, results in a dramatic decrease in the cellular elastic modulus of both the membrane and the deeper cytoskeleton, indicating a collapse of the cytoskeleton scaffold, does not abrogate swelling-induced stiffening of the membrane. Instead, this swelling...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 13, 2019·Small·Alinaghi SalariScott S H Tsai
Jul 13, 2019·Life Science Alliance·Hong LiangYong Zhou
Aug 23, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Anabel-Lise Le RouxPere Roca-Cusachs
Aug 12, 2019·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects·Weiqi Li, Wen Wang
Jun 25, 2021·Chemical Science·Miguel Páez-PérezMarina K Kuimova
Jul 13, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Markus RitterHubert H Kerschbaum
Aug 4, 2021·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects·Weiqi Li, Wen Wang

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