Hypoxia and adrenergic function: molecular mechanisms related to Egr-1 and Sp1 activation

Brain Research
T C TaiDona Lee Wong

Abstract

Hypoxia is shown to regulate the stress hormone epinephrine through its biosynthesis by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) via PNMT gene activation and transcription factors Egr-1 and Sp1 in adrenal medulla-derived PC12 cells. Moderate hypoxia (5% oxygen) markedly stimulates PNMT promoter-driven luciferase activity in the cells. Hypoxia increases Egr-1 and Sp1 mRNA and nuclear protein content and Egr-1 and Sp1 protein-DNA binding complex formation. Subsequent to transcription factor induction, endogenous PNMT mRNA and protein also increase. Egr-1 and Sp1 binding site inactivation or Egr-1 and Sp1 siRNA inhibit PNMT promoter stimulation by hypoxia. Hypoxia elevates protein kinase A (PKA), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C, ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression while selective inhibitors of these signaling enzymes abrogate hypoxic induction of the PNMT promoter and the rise in Egr-1, Sp1 and PNMT mRNA and protein. PC12 cells lacking PKA or PLCgamma-1 show significant reduction in PNMT promoter activation by hypoxia. Signaling inhibitors do not affect these responses or reduce hypoxic induction of the PNMT promoter to a lesser extent....Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 4, 2010·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Dona Lee WongRichard Kvetnansky
Oct 19, 2011·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·James A G CrispoT C Tai
Nov 17, 2011·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Seung Kyoon WooJ Marc Simard
Oct 18, 2015·The Journal of Endocrinology·P NguyenT C Tai
Jan 14, 2012·The Biochemical Journal·Ning LiuXiaoying Wang
Nov 9, 2016·Molecular Aspects of Medicine·Paolo AscenziMaria Marino

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