Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha expression correlates with angiogenesis and unfavorable prognosis in bladder cancer
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a critical regulatory protein of cellular response to hypoxia and is closely related to the triggering of the angiogenic process. We examined the relationship between hypoxia and angiogenesis, as well as their prognostic impact in patients with urothelial bladder cancer. The immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1 alpha was evaluated in 93 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary transitional cell carcinoma tissue samples. HIF-1 alpha was recognized through nuclear staining of positive cells. The angiogenic profile was individually assessed immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) was calculated with immunohistochemical staining of the adhesion molecule CD31 of the endothelial cells. A significant positive association between HIF-1 alpha immunoreactivity and histological grade (p=0.009) was found. VEGF and MVD were closely related to tumor grade (p=0.06 and p<0.001) and clinical stage (p=0.04 and p<0.01, respectively). HIF-1 alpha was significantly correlated with VEGF expression (p=0.01) and MVD (p<0.001). Patients characterized by HIF-1 alpha overexpression had significantly worse overall (p=0....Continue Reading
References
The tumour suppressor protein VHL targets hypoxia-inducible factors for oxygen-dependent proteolysis
Citations
HIF1-alpha expression predicts survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
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