Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a non-heme iron protein. Implications for oxygen sensing.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
V SrinivasJ Caro

Abstract

The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 complex (HIF-1) is involved in the transcriptional activation of several genes, like erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor, that are responsive to the lack of oxygen. The HIF-1 complex is composed of two b-HLH proteins: HIF-1beta that is constitutively expressed, and HIF-1alpha, that is present only in hypoxic cells. The HIF-1alpha subunit is continuously synthesized and degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome under oxic conditions. Hypoxia, transition metals, iron chelators, and several antioxidants stabilize the HIF-1alpha protein, allowing the formation of the transcriptionally active HIF-1 complex. The mechanisms of oxygen sensing and the pathways leading to HIF-1alpha stabilization are unclear. Because the involvement of a heme protein oxygen sensor has been postulated, we tested the heme sensor hypothesis by using a luciferase-expressing cell line (B-1), that is highly responsive to hypoxia. Exposure of B-1 cells to carbon monoxide and heme synthesis inhibitors failed to show any effect on the hypoxia responsiveness of these cells, suggesting that heme proteins are not involved in hypoxia sensing. Measurement of iron in recombinantly expressed HIF-1alpha protein revealed that th...Continue Reading

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