Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them

PloS One
Cristiane Maria ColliMônica Lúcia Gomes

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis infects humans and other mammals by ingestion of cysts in contaminated water or food, or directly in environments with poor hygiene. Eight assemblages, designated A-H, are described for this species. We investigated by microscopy or by direct immunofluorescence technique the occurrence of G. duodenalis in 380 humans, 34 animals, 44 samples of water and 11 of vegetables. G. duodenalis cysts present in samples were genotyped through PCR-RFLP of β giardin and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes and sequencing of gdh. The gdh gene was amplified in 76.5% (26/34) of the human faeces samples with positive microscopy and in 2.9% (1/34) of negative samples. In 70.4% (19/27) of the positive samples were found BIV assemblage. In two samples from dogs with positive microscopy and one negative sample, assemblages BIV, C, and D were found. Cysts of Giardia were not detected in water samples, but three samples used for vegetable irrigation showed total coliforms above the allowed limit, and Escherichia coli was observed in one sample. G. duodenalis BIV was detected in two samples of Lactuca sativa irrigated with this sample of water. BIV was a common genotype, with 100% similarity, between different sources or hosts (humans...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 26, 2015·Experimental Parasitology·Natália M N FavaMárcia Cristina Cury
Aug 2, 2015·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Cristiane Maria ColliMônica Lúcia Gomes
Sep 9, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Health Research·Carla Zangari de SouzaAna Lúcia Falavigna-Guilherme
Mar 9, 2018·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Katyelle RafaelAna L Falavigna-Guilherme
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Oct 25, 2021·Parasitology International·Caroline Rodrigues de AlmeidaMônica Lúcia Gomes

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KJ741292-KJ741328

Methods Mentioned

BETA
optical microscopy
membrane-filtration
PCR
genotyping

Software Mentioned

MEGA
BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor
SAS
R
CONAMA
Clustal W
BLAST

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