Identification and characterization of three novel nuclear export signals in the influenza A virus nucleoprotein.

Journal of Virology
Maorong YuWenjun Liu

Abstract

The nuclear export of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) is crucial for virus replication. As a major component of the vRNP, nucleoprotein (NP) alone can also be shuttled out of the nucleus by interacting with chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) and is therefore hypothesized to promote the nuclear export of the vRNP. In the present study, three novel nuclear export signals (NESs) of the NP--NES1, NES2, and NES3--were identified as being responsible for mediating its nuclear export. The nuclear export of NES3 was CRM1 dependent, whereas that of NES1 or NES2 was CRM1 independent. Inactivation of these NESs led to an overall nuclear accumulation of NP. Mutation of all three NP-NESs significantly impaired viral replication. Based on structures of influenza virus NP oligomers, these three hydrophobic NESs are found present on the surface of oligomeric NPs. Functional studies indicated that oligomerization is also required for nuclear export of NP. Together, these results suggest that the nuclear export of NP is important for virus replication and relies on its NESs and oligomerization.

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Citations

Mar 6, 2013·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Nathalie LejalAnny Slama-Schwok
Dec 14, 2012·PLoS Pathogens·Duncan Paterson, Ervin Fodor
Oct 10, 2013·Viruses·Edward C Hutchinson, Ervin Fodor
May 27, 2015·Viruses·Jing LiWenjun Liu
Jul 28, 2016·The Journal of General Virology·Marie O PohlSilke Stertz
Oct 16, 2016·Annual Review of Virology·Seema S LakdawalaKanta Subbarao
Apr 19, 2017·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Richan LiJie Yang
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Jan 3, 2018·Science China. Life Sciences·Yuhai BiGeorge F Gao
Dec 2, 2017·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Feng HuangGen Lu
Sep 17, 2020·Viruses·Jón Pol GalesMaria Dimitrova

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