Identification and molecular characterization of the homogentisate pathway responsible for pyomelanin production, the major melanin constituents in Aeromonas media WS

PloS One
He WangXiangdong Chen

Abstract

The pigmentation of many Aeromonas species has been thought to be due to the production of a L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) based melanin. However, in this study we found that although L-DOPA synthesis occurs in the high-melanin-yielding Aeromonas media strain WS, it plays a minor, if any, role in pigmentation. Instead, the pigmentation of A. media strain WS is due to the production of pyomelanin through HGA (homogentisate). Gene products of phhA (encodes phenylalanine hydroxylase), tyrB and aspC (both encode aromatic amino acid aminotransferase), and hppD (encodes 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) constitute a linear pathway of converting phenylalanine to HGA and disruption of any one of these genes impairs or blocks pigmentation of A. media strain WS. This HGA biosynthesis pathway is widely distributed in Aeromonas, but HGA is only detectable in the cultures of pigmented Aeromonas species. Heterologous expression of HppD from both pigmented and non-pigmented Aeromonas species in E. coli leads to the production of pyomelanin and thus pigmentation, suggesting that most Aeromonas species have the critical enzymes to produce pyomelanin through HGA. Taken together, we have identified a widely conserved biosynthesis pathw...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 24, 2017·Microbial Biotechnology·Zhenshun ZengXiaoxue Wang
Aug 16, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ioana-Ecaterina PraleaCristina-Adela Iuga
Dec 13, 2018·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·María Elisa PavanM Julia Pettinari
May 20, 2017·Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology·Xiaoyun LiShouwen Chen
Dec 8, 2019·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·María Elisa PavanM Julia Pettinari
May 1, 2018·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·Joshua T RavensdaleGary A Dykes
Feb 9, 2021·Global Challenges·Hanaa A GalebJohn G Hardy
Nov 2, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Lingmin JiangJiyoung Lee

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stress
PCR
electrophoresis

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