Identification of AMP N1-oxide in royal jelly as a component neurotrophic toward cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
Noriko HattoriShoei Furukawa

Abstract

An extract of royal jelly (RJ) induced processes from cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Active components were isolated, and identified as adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP N1-oxide. AMP N1-oxide was more than 20 times as active as AMP, judging from the minimal concentration to elicit activity. AMP N1-oxide was thought to be responsible for about half of the process-forming activity of whole RJ. Chemically-synthesized AMP N1-oxide was active similarly to the molecule purified from RJ, confirming AMP N1-oxide as the active entity. AMP N1-oxide also suppressed proliferation of PC12 cells and stimulated expression of neurofilament M, a specific protein of mature neurons, demonstrating the stimulatory activity of AMP N1-oxide to induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Pharmacological experiments suggested that AMP N1-oxide actions are mediated by adenyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, including A2A. Thus AMP N1-oxide is a key molecule that characterizes RJ, and is not found in natural products other than RJ.

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Citations

Apr 21, 2009·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Noriko HattoriShoei Furukawa
Sep 1, 2011·Biomedical Research·Manabu YanagitaShinya Murakami
Jun 26, 2013·Purinergic Signalling·Geoffrey Burnstock, Francesco Di Virgilio
Jan 30, 2015·Journal of Inflammation·Keizo KohnoShigeharu Fukuda
Jul 24, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Andreea BălanCostin Vlad Anastasiu
Jan 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Saboor AhmadJianke Li
Jul 26, 2018·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Hiroshi SakagamiTakaaki Oizumi
Oct 31, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Amira Mohammed Ali, Hiroshi Kunugi
Jul 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Željka Peršurić, Sandra Kraljević Pavelić

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