Identification of cephalometric landmarks in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: are there alternatives for point A, ANS, and PNS?

The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
Catharina A M BongaartsAnne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman

Abstract

To test the reliability of some cephalometric measurements in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Measurements with A, ANS, and PNS, were compared to measurements performed with alternatives for point A, ANS, and PNS: A1, A2, ANS1, ANS2, and PNS1. One hundred sixty-four children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), with a lateral head film taken at age 4 to 6 years. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for cephalometric measurements including A, ANS, PNS or their alternatives: Dahlberg errors, systematic errors, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The measurements using ANS and PNS or their alternatives, were comparable. The systematic error between observers for measurements using A2 was less than for measurements using A or A1. The scatterplot of point A showed a slightly better distribution of the points than the plots of A1 and A2. Although the landmarks A, ANS, and PNS are hard to trace in UCLP patients with tooth germs in the anterior maxilla, no better landmarks were found in this study. Cephalometric studies using A, ANS, and PNS in UCLP patients should be interpreted with caution.

References

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Citations

Oct 29, 2009·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Catharina A M BongaartsAnne M Kuijpers-Jagtman
Mar 13, 2013·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Arja HeliövaaraJyri Hukki
Apr 30, 2010·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Arja Heliövaara, Jorma Rautio
Dec 18, 2014·Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery·Arja HeliövaaraJorma Rautio
Oct 25, 2016·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Wakako TomeTakashi Yamashiro
Oct 25, 2016·The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·Gregory S AntonarakisDavid M Fisher
May 23, 2021·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·Chihiro TanikawaTakashi Yamashiro

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