Identification of polymorphism in ethylone hydrochloride: synthesis and characterization

Drug Testing and Analysis
Chad R MaheuxJ Stuart Grossert

Abstract

Ethylone, a synthetic cathinone with psychoactive properties, is a designer drug which has appeared on the recreational drug market in recent years. Since 2012, illicit shipments of ethylone hydrochloride have been intercepted with increasing frequency at the Canadian border. Analysis has revealed that ethylone hydrochloride exists as two distinct polymorphs. In addition, several minor impurities were detected in some seized exhibits. In this study, the two conformational polymorphs of ethylone hydrochloride have been synthesized and fully characterized by FTIR, FT-Raman, powder XRD, GC-MS, ESI-MS/MS and NMR ((13) C CPMAS, (1) H, (13) C). The two polymorphs can be distinguished by vibrational spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The FTIR data are applied to the identification of both polymorphs of ethylone hydrochloride (mixed with methylone hydrochloride) in a laboratory submission labelled as 'Ocean Snow Ultra'. The data presented in this study will assist forensic scientists in the differentiation of the two ethylone hydrochloride polymorphs. This report, alongside our recent article on the single crystal X-ray structure of a second polymorph of this synthetic cathinone, is...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 26, 2016·Drug Testing and Analysis·Erin HeatherAndrew M McDonagh
Jul 7, 2020·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS·Shuntaro MatsutaMunehiro Katagi
Jul 14, 2020·Frontiers in Chemistry·Bronislav JurásekMartin Kuchař
Jan 2, 2021·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Nicole S Jones, Jeffrey H Comparin

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear
NMR
infrared spectroscopy
X‐ray

Software Mentioned

WINFTM EDXRF

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