Identification of stage-specific larval camouflage associated genes in the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus.

Development Genes and Evolution
Ryo Futahashi, Haruhiko Fujiwara

Abstract

The swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus changes its larval body pattern dramatically during the fourth ecdysis. The penultimate (fourth) instar larvae mimic bird droppings that have many tubercle structures on their surface, whereas the final (fifth) instar larvae have a green camouflage color. To identify the genes involved in stage-specific larval mimicry markings, we compared the epidermal messenger ribonucleic acid expression between the third and fourth molts of P. xuthus using a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid subtraction method. After analyzing 2,072 clones from two subtractive libraries, we obtained 31 and 64 candidate genes for final (Fsg) or penultimate instar-specific genes (Psg), respectively. The expression pattern of each gene was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Among Fsgs, Fsg02 and Fsg20 were expressed in the presumptive green region only during the fourth molt, suggesting that these two genes were correlated with green coloration in the final instar. Among Psgs, 11 cuticular protein genes were expressed specifically in the tubercle structures during the third molt. These genes are likely to be involved in the formation of the unique tubercle structures...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1990·Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology·L M RiddifordB A Webb
Aug 25, 2001·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·J E Rebers, J H Willis
Nov 6, 2003·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Subin Gu, Judith H Willis
Oct 12, 2004·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Toru TogawaSusumu Izumi
May 10, 2007·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Koichiro TamuraSudhir Kumar
Feb 23, 2008·Science·Ryo Futahashi, Haruhiko Fujiwara
Mar 13, 2009·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Ryo FutahashiHaruhiko Fujiwara

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Citations

Jan 20, 2010·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Alessandro Minelli, Giuseppe Fusco
Nov 24, 2012·Journal of Proteomics·Xiao-Feng ShiZhi-Fang Zhang
Jan 15, 2014·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Paula S Souza-FerreiraHatisaburo Masuda
Mar 31, 2015·PloS One·Mina EdayoshiHaruhiko Fujiwara
Oct 11, 2016·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Haruhiko Fujiwara, Hideki Nishikawa
Jun 22, 2017·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Gyöngyi CinegeÉva Kurucz
Sep 20, 2015·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Jenny TynyakovAmir Sagi
May 25, 2021·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Xiaoling TongSongyuan Wu

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