IL-15 protects NKT cells from inhibition by tumor-associated macrophages and enhances antimetastatic activity.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Daofeng LiuLeonid S Metelitsa

Abstract

Vα24-invariant NKT cells inhibit tumor growth by targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Tumor progression therefore requires that TAMs evade NKT cell activity through yet-unknown mechanisms. Here we report that a subset of cells in neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines and primary tumors expresses membrane-bound TNF-α (mbTNF-α). These proinflammatory tumor cells induced production of the chemokine CCL20 from TAMs via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, an effect that was amplified in hypoxia. Flow cytometry analyses of human primary NB tumors revealed selective accumulation of CCL20 in TAMs. Neutralization of the chemokine inhibited in vitro migration of NKT cells toward tumor-conditioned hypoxic monocytes and localization of NKT cells to NB grafts in mice. We also found that hypoxia impaired NKT cell viability and function. Thus, CCL20-producing TAMs served as a hypoxic trap for tumor-infiltrating NKT cells. IL-15 protected antigen-activated NKT cells from hypoxia, and transgenic expression of IL-15 in adoptively transferred NKT cells dramatically enhanced their antimetastatic activity in mice. Thus, tumor-induced chemokine production in hypoxic TAMs and consequent chemoattraction and inhibition of NKT cells represents ...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
ELISA
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
FACS
xenografts
confocal microscopy
biopsy
transfection
electrophoresis
gradient density centrifugation

Software Mentioned

FlowJo
GraphPad Prism
BD FACDiva
GraphPad
NIS Elements AR3

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