IL-33 is upregulated in colonocytes of ulcerative colitis

Immunology Letters
Jakob Benedict SeidelinOle Haagen Nielsen

Abstract

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine family. It has been shown to elicit a Th2-like cytokine response in immunocompetent cells through binding and activation of the T1/ST2 receptor. IL-33 has recently been associated with immune responses to helminthic intestinal infections, airway inflammation and arthritis in animal models. We now report IL-33 to be produced by colonic epithelial cells in humans and it is highly upregulated in ulcerative colitis (UC). Little mRNA expression was found in control subjects (N=9), whereas patients with UC in remission (N=7) and active UC (N=9) had a 3-fold (p<0.006) and 13-fold (p<0.0002) increased expression, respectively. On the protein level, IL-33 in its uncleaved form was overexpressed in active UC compared to controls (p<0.006) and inactive UC (p<0.03). Immunohistochemistry of IL-33 confirmed expression in active UC in colonic epithelial cells, whereas no detectable epithelial expression was seen in control specimens. Caspase 1, which is known to activate IL-33, was expressed in colonocytes, albeit at just detectable levels when the activated p20 caspase 1 was measured. Since IL-33 recently has been shown to be biologically active in its pro-form, and cleavage seems...Continue Reading

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