Illustrating bias due to conditioning on a collider.

International Journal of Epidemiology
Stephen R ColeCharles Poole

Abstract

That conditioning on a common effect of exposure and outcome may cause selection, or collider-stratification, bias is not intuitive. We provide two hypothetical examples to convey concepts underlying bias due to conditioning on a collider. In the first example, fever is a common effect of influenza and consumption of a tainted egg-salad sandwich. In the second example, case-status is a common effect of a genotype and an environmental factor. In both examples, conditioning on the common effect imparts an association between two otherwise independent variables; we call this selection bias.

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Nov 23, 2012·The New England Journal of Medicine·Paul LichtensteinHenrik Larsson
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