PMID: 15223778Jun 30, 2004Paper

Image defocus modulates activity of bipolar and amacrine cells in macaque retina

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Xingwu ZhongWilliam K Stell

Abstract

To demonstrate regulation of ocular growth and refractive development by image quality and processing in the retina in higher primates. Focus-sensitive retinal neurons were labeled with immunocytochemical markers after briefly altering image quality in infant monkeys. Six rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) 20- to 30-days-old were fitted with goggles after 6 hours in the light. Three wore a +3 D lens and three a diffuser on the treated eye; contralateral control eyes wore plano lenses matched in transmission to the goggles on treated eyes. After 30, 60, or 240 minutes exposure, the animals were killed, the eyes opened and fixed in 4% formaldehyde, and cryosections labeled with antibodies to inducible activity markers (transcription factors Egr-1 and Fra-2) and type-specific amacrine cell markers. Labeled cells were identified and counted in a fluorescence microscope, and the spatial density of activity-labeled nuclei and the frequency of activity-labeling of specific amacrine cells were determined, without knowing treated eye or duration. Focus-sensitive immunoreactivity was demonstrated for Egr-1 and Fra-2 in a GAD65-immunoreactive (IR) subpopulation of GABAergic amacrine cells, and for Egr-1 alone in PKC alpha-, 115A10-, and CD15...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 3, 2006·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·Ute Mathis, Frank Schaeffel
Dec 24, 2008·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Terri L Young
Oct 27, 2005·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Kirstan A VesseyWilliam K Stell
Feb 14, 2013·PloS One·Liyun ZhangYuk Fai Leung
Jan 16, 2016·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Frank Schaeffel, Marita Feldkaemper
Jul 16, 2010·Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·W Neil Charman, Hema Radhakrishnan
Sep 7, 2005·Experimental Eye Research·Michaela BitzerFrank Schaeffel
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Apr 14, 2017·Vision Research·Earl L SmithRonald S Harwerth
Jun 15, 2005·Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·W N Charman
Mar 1, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·David TroiloLyndon Jones
Dec 7, 2019·Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·Philip R K TurnbullJohn R Phillips
Jan 15, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Safal KhanalJohn R Phillips
Nov 25, 2020·Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology·Safal KhanalJohn R Phillips
Nov 5, 2019·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·Tatiana V Tkatchenko, Andrei V Tkatchenko
Jul 7, 2021·Experimental Eye Research·Jody A SummersAndrei V Tkatchenko
Aug 19, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Cindy KaroutaRegan Ashby
Dec 28, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Kate ThomsonRegan Ashby

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