Imaging deductive reasoning and the new paradigm

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Mike Oaksford

Abstract

There has been a great expansion of research into human reasoning at all of Marr's explanatory levels. There is a tendency for this work to progress within a level largely ignoring the others which can lead to slippage between levels (Chater et al., 2003). It is argued that recent brain imaging research on deductive reasoning-implementational level-has largely ignored the new paradigm in reasoning-computational level (Over, 2009). Consequently, recent imaging results are reviewed with the focus on how they relate to the new paradigm. The imaging results are drawn primarily from a recent meta-analysis by Prado et al. (2011) but further imaging results are also reviewed where relevant. Three main observations are made. First, the main function of the core brain region identified is most likely elaborative, defeasible reasoning not deductive reasoning. Second, the subtraction methodology and the meta-analytic approach may remove all traces of content specific System 1 processes thought to underpin much human reasoning. Third, interpreting the function of the brain regions activated by a task depends on theories of the function that a task engages. When there are multiple interpretations of that function, interpreting what an activ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 19, 2015·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Luca L BonattiCarlo Reverberi
Aug 21, 2016·Cognitive Psychology·Punit ShahUlrike Hahn
Dec 30, 2016·PloS One·Charalabos PapageorgiouElias Angelopoulos
Jun 3, 2018·Experimental Brain Research·Kai HamburgerMarkus Knauff
Jan 18, 2020·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience·Julia Wertheim, Marco Ragni
Nov 19, 2015·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Sangeet S KhemlaniJ Gregory Trafton
Apr 14, 2021·Scientific Reports·Francisco SaltoFernando Maestú
Sep 25, 2021·Memory & Cognition·Lupita Estefania Gazzo Castañeda, Markus Knauff

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging technique
imaging techniques

Software Mentioned

MeFG

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