Imaging in childhood scoliosis: a pictorial review

Postgraduate Medical Journal
Rachel E MussonPaul D Griffiths

Abstract

Childhood scoliosis is a common clinical entity with a number of different causes. In the majority of cases, the scoliosis is idiopathic, but it may be the manifestation of an occult spinal pathology. The clinical history and examination may elicit certain worrying features such as pain, neurological symptoms or an atypical curve pattern. These findings should prompt advanced imaging, as early and accurate detection of an underlying cause allows optimal planning and timing of surgery and helps reduce associated risks. The most common occult pathologies detected by advanced imaging are Arnold Chiari malformations, syringohydromyelia and closed spinal dysraphism such as diastematomyelia. Advanced imaging techniques, in particular multiplanar MRI, are also increasingly requested in children with known congenital scoliosis associated with spinal dysraphism and developmental causes of scoliosis such as neurofibromatosis and Klippel-Feil syndrome, as it allows superior delineation of the spinal column without the radiation risk. This review aims to examine the different imaging techniques currently used in the evaluation of scoliosis and provide a pictorial summary of the more common causes and associations.

Citations

Apr 27, 2013·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·Jing-Ming XieHua Yang
Nov 26, 2013·The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society·SiXu ChenZhaoWen Zong
Mar 16, 2016·Radiología·M T Veintemillas AráizR Valls Pascual
Feb 6, 2018·The Open Orthopaedics Journal·Shu-Yan Ng, Josette Bettany-Saltikov
Mar 8, 2014·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Sungjoon LeeSeung-Ki Kim
May 22, 2021·Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology·Riccardo GuglielmiPaolo Simoni

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