Imaging of Mucosal Inflammation: Current Technological Developments, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives

Frontiers in Immunology
Maximilian J WaldnerRaja Atreya

Abstract

In recent years, various technological developments markedly improved imaging of mucosal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Although technological developments such as high-definition-, chromo-, and autofluorescence-endoscopy led to a more precise and detailed assessment of mucosal inflammation during wide-field endoscopy, probe-based and stationary confocal laser microscopy enabled in vivo real-time microscopic imaging of mucosal surfaces within the gastrointestinal tract. Through the use of fluorochromes with specificity against a defined molecular target combined with endoscopic techniques that allow ultrastructural resolution, molecular imaging enables in vivo visualization of single molecules or receptors during endoscopy. Molecular imaging has therefore greatly expanded the clinical utility and applications of modern innovative endoscopy, which include the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of disease as well as the prediction of the therapeutic response of individual patients. Furthermore, non-invasive imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy, and ultrasound provide helpful information as supplement to invasive endoscopic procedures. In this revi...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 31, 2018·Current Opinion in Gastroenterology·Helena Tavares de SousaFernando Magro
Aug 15, 2020·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·Mariane Le FurPeter Caravan
Jan 8, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alex N FrickensteinLacey R McNally

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques
biopsy
biopsies
xenograft
imaging procedures
infrared spectroscopy
Raman
Stimulated Raman Scattering

Software Mentioned

OCT
eCLE

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