Imbalance between neuroexcitatory and neuroinhibitory amino acids causes craving for ethanol

Addictive Behaviors
Philippe De Witte

Abstract

Long-term exposure to ethanol leads to an imbalance in different excitatory and inhibitory amino acids. When ethanol consumption is reduced or completely stopped, these imbalances in different amino acids and neurotransmitters are behaviorally expressed in the form of ethanol withdrawal. Glutamate, a major excitatory amino acid, and GABA, a major inhibitory amino acid, are responsible, at least partly, for ethanol withdrawal symptoms. The hypofunction of GABAA receptors and enhanced function of NMDA receptors are suggested to be responsible for the increase in the behavioral susceptibility during ethanol withdrawal. This imbalance between receptors may be exacerbated by repeated withdrawal. Because multiple and repeated periods of chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal often occur in alcohol abusers, animal studies on the neurochemical changes in different amino acids following chronic ethanol treatment (CET) that is interrupted by repeated ethanol withdrawal episodes may be of clinical relevance for the development of treatment strategies. Brain glutamate increases during the first cycle of ethanol withdrawal, and this increase is much higher during the third cycle of ethanol withdrawal. The elevated glutamate released in ...Continue Reading

References

Jun 28, 1992·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·J Stewart
Jun 28, 1992·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·C P O'BrienR Ehrman
Jan 1, 1991·Neuroscience·R F Regan, D W Choi
Nov 1, 1990·Neurochemical Research·E K MichaelisJ E Kleinman
Feb 13, 1990·European Journal of Pharmacology·K A GrantB Tabakoff
Aug 1, 1986·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R O MessingD A Greenberg
Mar 31, 1989·Science·D M LovingerF F Weight
Aug 1, 1989·Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research·C PetersonC W Cotman
Oct 1, 1980·Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology·J G Mansfield, C L Cunningham
Sep 5, 1995·European Journal of Pharmacology·Z L Rossetti, S Carboni
Mar 1, 1995·The American Journal of Psychiatry·G TsaiJ T Coyle
Apr 1, 1993·Journal of Neurochemistry·L J ChandlerF Crews
Apr 1, 1996·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·L M Veatch, L P Gonzalez
May 1, 1996·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·P J LittleC M Kuhn
Jun 3, 1996·European Journal of Pharmacology·R SpanagelW Zieglgänsberger
Mar 24, 1998·Annual Review of Medicine·G Tsai, J T Coyle
Aug 1, 1998·Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research·H S KalluriM K Ticku
Nov 5, 1999·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·A Dahchour, P De Witte
Jan 14, 2003·European Journal of Pharmacology·Abdelkader Dahchour, Philippe De Witte
Mar 27, 2003·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Abdelkader Dahchour, Philippe De Witte
Jan 1, 1988·Neurochemistry International·H OllatS Parvez
Jan 1, 1988·Neurochemistry International·K F Tipton

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 17, 2007·Psychopharmacology·Karen K SzumlinskiM Scott Bowers
Apr 6, 2013·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Lynda Sharrett-FieldMark A Prendergast
Dec 31, 2011·Human Genetics·Eric W KleeStephen C Ekker
Oct 7, 2008·Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback·Rex CannonDebora Baldwin
Nov 18, 2011·Inflammopharmacology·Z SternbergF E Munschauer
Mar 11, 2011·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Robert ThomaCharles Gasparovic
Feb 14, 2013·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Jochen BauerPatricia Ohrmann
Jan 13, 2006·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Elfar AdalsteinssonAdolf Pfefferbaum
Sep 24, 2008·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·Henriette WalterPhilippe De Witte
Sep 18, 2009·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·Tracy R ButlerMark A Prendergast
Apr 12, 2011·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·Frédéric LallemandPaul Verbanck
Jul 14, 2012·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·G BrousseJ Schmidt
Aug 3, 2006·Journal of Psychiatric Practice·Sheldon H PreskornDavid Flockhart
Sep 1, 2007·Journal of Addiction Medicine·John M Littleton
Apr 8, 2006·Neuropsychobiology·Thomas HillemacherStefan Bleich
Mar 25, 2014·PloS One·Zhen QiEberhard O Voit
Aug 2, 2006·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Luis Orozco-CabalJoel P Gallagher
Jul 10, 2009·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Debra K CozzoliKaren K Szumlinski
Mar 24, 2005·Psychological Review·David J KavanaghJon May
Nov 14, 2007·Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics·Barbara J Mason, Rebecca Crean
May 29, 2010·Pharmacological Reports : PR·Bogusława Pietrzak, Elzbieta Czarnecka
Jul 25, 2008·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Rodrigo D PazKuei Y Tseng
Dec 14, 2007·Medical Hypotheses·John G Spangler
Oct 28, 2006·Neurobiology of Disease·José Antonio López-MorenoMiguel Navarro
Jan 28, 2009·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Karl MannUNKNOWN PREDICT Study Research Team
May 1, 2008·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Susan BarronMark A Prendergast
Jul 12, 2008·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Doug Hyun HanPerry F Renshaw
Sep 26, 2008·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Paul Gerald MullinsCharles Gasparovic
Mar 18, 2008·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Zuzana Kapasova, Karen K Szumlinski
Jan 13, 2011·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Daina EconomidouRoberto Ciccocioppo
Dec 24, 2009·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Janne D OllingDavid P D Woldbye
Oct 15, 2013·NMR in Biomedicine·Saadallah RamadanPeter Stanwell
Oct 24, 2014·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Alessandra T PeanaFederico Bennardini

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Amygdala and Midbrain Dopamine

The midbrain dopamine system is widely studied for its involvement in emotional and motivational behavior. Some of these neurons receive information from the amygdala and project throughout the cortex. When the circuit and transmission of dopamine is disrupted symptoms may present. Here is the latest research on the amygdala and midbrain dopamine.

Basal Ganglia

Basal Ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei in the brain associated with control of voluntary motor movements, procedural and habit learning, emotion, and cognition. Here is the latest research.

Amygdala: Sensory Processes

Amygdalae, nuclei clusters located in the temporal lobe of the brain, play a role in memory, emotional responses, and decision-making. Here is the latest research on sensory processes in the amygdala.

Addiction

This feed focuses mechanisms underlying addiction and addictive behaviour including heroin and opium dependence, alcohol intoxication, gambling, and tobacco addiction.