Immune activation mediated by the late blight resistance protein R1 requires nuclear localization of R1 and the effector AVR1

The New Phytologist
Yu DuKlaas Bouwmeester

Abstract

Resistance against oomycete pathogens is mainly governed by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that recognize matching avirulence (AVR) proteins from the pathogen, RXLR effectors that are delivered inside host cells. Detailed molecular understanding of how and where NLR proteins and RXLR effectors interact is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes. Fluorescent tags, nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and nuclear export signals (NESs) were exploited to determine the subcellular localization of the potato late blight protein R1 and the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR1, and to target these proteins to the nucleus or cytoplasm. Microscopic imaging revealed that both R1 and AVR1 occurred in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and were in close proximity. Transient expression of NLS- or NES-tagged R1 and AVR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that activation of the R1-mediated hypersensitive response and resistance required localization of the R1/AVR1 pair in the nucleus. However, AVR1-mediated suppression of cell death in the absence of R1 was dependent on localization of AVR1 in the cytoplasm. Balanced nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of AVR1 seems to be a prerequisite. Our...Continue Reading

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Jul 1, 2015·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Ryan G AndersonJohn M McDowell
Oct 5, 2018·Scientific Reports·Md Bulbul AhmedHugo Germain
Jan 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Huai-Xia ZhangZhen-Hui Gong
Mar 17, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Huai-Xia ZhangZhen-Hui Gong
Dec 1, 2020·Molecular Plant Pathology·Tao MaJiang Lu
Feb 26, 2021·Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants : an International Journal of Functional Plant Biology·Yuanyuan JiangZhike Zhang

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