Immune Changes Induced by Orthodontic Forces: A Critical Review.

Journal of Dental Research
S ChaushuO Fleissig

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is generated by a mechanical force that induces an aseptic inflammatory response in the periodontal tissues and a subsequent coordinated process of bone resorption and apposition. In this review, we critically summarize the current knowledge on the immune processes involved in OTM inflammation and provide a novel insight into the relationship between classical inflammation and clinical OTM phases. We found that most studies focused on the acute inflammatory process, which ignites the initial alveolar bone resorption. However, the exact mechanisms and the immune reactions involved in the following OTM phases remain obscure. Recent studies highlight the existence of a typical innate response of resident and extravasated immune cells, including granulocytes and natural killer (NK), dendritic, and γδT cells. Based on few available studies, we shed light on an active, albeit incomplete, process of resolution in the lag phase, supported by continuously elevated ratios of M1/M2 macrophage and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio. This partial resolution enables tissue formation and creates the appropriate environment for a transition between the innate and adaptive arms ...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1989·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·A H MohammedR Dziak
Jun 1, 1984·American Journal of Orthodontics·K YamasakiT Fukuhara
Oct 1, 1995·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·B J LeikerP K Sinha
Mar 13, 2001·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·N AlhashimiM Bakhiet
Jan 29, 2002·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Hiroyuki KanzakiHideo Mitani
Nov 20, 2002·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·Ali Reza SekhavatFatemeh Sari Aslani
Nov 24, 2004·Journal of Dental Research·H KanzakiH Mitani
Apr 22, 2006·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·Vinod Krishnan, Ze'ev Davidovitch
Mar 26, 2008·Journal of Dental Research·H KitauraN Yoshida
Jul 14, 2010·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·R L SantosM M G de Souza
Nov 9, 2010·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·Andrea M MarcacciniJose T L Ferreira
Jan 7, 2011·The Angle Orthodontist·Patricia J BrooksSiew-Ging Gong
Oct 26, 2011·European Journal of Orthodontics·Tanya J FranzenVaska Vandevska-Radunovic
Mar 3, 2012·Calcified Tissue International·James Bradley HudsonSunil Kapila
Sep 19, 2012·European Journal of Orthodontics·Melissa GrantIain Chapple
Jul 22, 2014·Oral Diseases·C JiangJ Wang
Oct 26, 2014·Journal of Dental Research·D HeY Zhou
Apr 14, 2015·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·M AlikhaniC C Teixeira
Apr 14, 2015·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·D A SchneiderN E Hatch
Jul 1, 2015·Journal of Dental Research·D HeY Zhou
Jul 2, 2015·Journal of Dental Research·M ZengY Zhou
Jul 19, 2015·Journal of Dental Research·Y YanY Zhou
Aug 22, 2015·European Journal of Orthodontics·Felipe J Fernández-GonzálezJose A Vega
Jan 7, 2017·Journal of Dental Research·Y LiuY H Zhou
Feb 28, 2018·International Journal of Oral Science·Chia-Ying YangDana T Graves
Apr 3, 2018·European Journal of Orthodontics·Inna SydorakNan Hatch
Mar 7, 2019·Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research·Robert HollandAchint Utreja
May 31, 2019·European Journal of Orthodontics·Joy H ChangSumit Yadav
Dec 10, 2019·Korean Journal of Orthodontics·Theerasak NakornnoiBancha Samruajbenjakun
May 20, 2020·Scientific Reports·Yehuda KleinStella Chaushu
Jul 24, 2020·Scientific Reports·Christian KirschneckAgnes Schröder
Sep 21, 2020·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Jing LiDa-Wei Liu
Dec 30, 2020·Oral Diseases·Minting Wu, Jing Liu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations


❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.