Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer: Clinical Impact and Mechanisms of Response and Resistance.

Annual Review of Pathology
Sreya BagchiEdgar G Engleman

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an indelible mark in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Starting with the approval of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) for advanced-stage melanoma in 2011, ICIs-which now also include antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1)-quickly gained US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of a wide array of cancer types, demonstrating unprecedented extension of patient survival. However, despite the success of ICIs, resistance to these agents restricts the number of patients able to achieve durable responses, and immune-related adverse events complicate treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the requirements for an effective and safe antitumor immune response following ICI therapy is needed. Studies of both tumoral and systemic changes in the immune system following ICI therapy have yielded insight into the basis for both efficacy and resistance. Ultimately, by building on these insights, researchers should be able to combine ICIs with other agents, or design new immunotherapies, to achieve broader and more durable efficacy as well as greater safety. Here, we review the history and clinical utility of ICIs, t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 5, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Hans BinderManfred Kunz
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Mingming SongWenxiang Zhang
Jul 30, 2021·Clinical and Translational Medicine·Lazaro Hiram BetancourtGyörgy Marko-Varga
Jul 30, 2021·Clinical and Translational Medicine·Lazaro Hiram BetancourtGyörgy Marko-Varga
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Mercedes Beatriz FuertesNorberto Walter Zwirner
Aug 20, 2021·Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology·Tianhang LiRong Yang
Oct 3, 2021·Journal of Neuro-oncology·Eudocia Q Lee
Nov 6, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Na HaoXiaojiang Tang
Nov 10, 2021·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Yi YangYang Sun
Nov 11, 2021·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Yingying ZhangHanjie Wang

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