Immune escape: A critical hallmark in solid tumors

Life Sciences
Keywan Mortezaee

Abstract

Incapacitated immune system is a characteristic hallmark of solid tumors. Immune system within a tumor undergoes an imbalance in cellular dispersion and functionality. Effector cells are precluded from the invasive margin of tumor; instead, immune suppressor cells are present at high fractions. Conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) like altered metabolism, chronic hypoxia and chronic inflammation are the known predisposing factors, implicated in the immune malfunctioning. Deficiency of innate immune sensing mediated by checkpoint receptors including programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1), CTL-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) hijacked by tumor cells takes a major part of the blame, requiring a need for appropriate strategies in order to bring back the balance in the immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been in the eye of the current research rendering promising results. The story is not, however, that easy in which it is not so effective for Cold tumors, it may cause severe adverse effects, and that patients may acquire resistance to such therapy; this requires for updating the current knowledge about the immune ecosystem, using tumor type dependent dose calculation and exploiting proper adjuvants in or...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 26, 2020·Cell Biology International·Keywan Mortezaee
Jan 5, 2021·Medical Oncology·Jamal Majidpoor, Keywan Mortezaee
Dec 3, 2020·Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology·Keywan Mortezaee, Masoud Najafi
Jan 26, 2021·Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology·Keywan Mortezaee
Jan 20, 2021·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Chiao-Fang TengLong-Bin Jeng
Mar 12, 2021·Journal of Clinical Pathology·Natalia RusetskaMagdalena Kowalewska
Mar 18, 2021·Future Oncology·Keywan Mortezaee
Apr 10, 2021·Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht)·Jamal Majidpoor, Keywan Mortezaee
May 1, 2021·Genes·Zhongjing Su, Dongyang Huang
Jun 1, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Qiong-Yuan ChenAifen Lin
Jul 1, 2021·Trends in Molecular Medicine·Giulia LucibelloPatrick Brest
Jul 24, 2021·International Immunopharmacology·Urban ŠvajgerPrimož Rožman
Jul 1, 2021·Cell Biology International·Keywan Mortezaee
Sep 1, 2021·Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology·Masoud NajafiKeywan Mortezaee
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Sep 26, 2021·Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Nov 2, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Yang YuHao Chen
Nov 14, 2021·International Journal of Clinical Oncology·Keywan Mortezaee, Jamal Majidpoor

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