Immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia: current concepts and future directions

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
Ryan M Teague, Justin Kline

Abstract

Immune responses generated against malignant cells have the potential to inhibit tumor growth, or even eliminate transformed cells before a tumor forms. However, immune tolerance mechanisms that normally protect healthy tissues from autoimmune damage pose a formidable barrier to the development of effective anti-tumor immunity. Because malignant cells are derived from self-tissues, the majority of defined tumor antigens are either shared or aberrantly expressed self-proteins. Eliciting productive T cell responses against such proteins is challenging, as most high-affinity, self-reactive T cells are purged during thymic selection. Some T cells capable of tumor antigen recognition escape thymic deletion, but are functionally inhibited by peripheral tolerance mechanisms which limit their ability to attack a developing malignancy. Alternatively, some tumors express antigens derived from mutated self-proteins, viral proteins or self proteins expressed only during embryonic development. These antigens are recognized by the immune system as foreign and could be recognized by a relatively large number of peripheral T cells. Even in this scenario, tumors evade otherwise effective T cell responses by employing potent immunosuppressive me...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01757639
NCT01822509
NCT00060372
NCT01096602
NCT00354263
NCT00354861
NCT01308294
NCT00349934
NCT00351949
NCT00732082

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