Immune monitoring as prerequisite for transplantation tolerance trials

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
K Behnam Sani, Birgit Sawitzki

Abstract

Ever since its first application in clinical medicine, scientists have been urged to induce tolerance towards foreign allogeneic transplants and thus avoid rejection by the recipient's immune system. This would circumvent chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (IS) and thus avoid development of IS-induced side effects, which are contributing to the still unsatisfactory long-term graft and patient survival after solid organ transplantation. Although manifold strategies of tolerance induction have been described in preclinical models, only three therapeutic approaches have been utilized successfully in a still small number of patients. These approaches are based on (i) IS withdrawal in spontaneous operational tolerant (SOT) patients, (ii) induction of a mixed chimerism and (iii) adoptive transfer of regulatory cells. Results of clinical trials utilizing these approaches show that tolerance induction does not work in all patients. Thus, there is a need for reliable biomarkers, which can be used for patient selection and post-therapeutic immune monitoring of safety, success and failure. In this review, we summarize recent achievements in the identification and validation of such immunological assays and biomarkers, focusing mainly ...Continue Reading

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Jul 14, 2017·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·Thomas Wekerle
Oct 27, 2018·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Mohammad MirzakhaniMousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
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